下面是小编为大家整理的2022党史四个阶段,供大家参考。希望对大家写作有帮助!
党史的四个阶段6篇
【篇一】党史的四个阶段
月子餐的四个阶段产妇刚生完孩子是很虚的,不能一味的进补,要分阶段,分个体情况,一边调理一边进补。月子餐要针对产妇的不同阶段来满足产妇的不同需求,分为四个阶段: 1.第一阶段(1~2周)排净恶露、愈合伤口(排净各种代谢废物及瘀血等,使分娩过程中造成的撕裂损伤愈合) 2.第二阶段(3~4周)修复组织、调理脏器(修复怀孕期间承受巨大压力的各个组织器官) 3.第三阶段(5~6周)增强体质、滋补元气(调整人体内环境、增强体质,使机体尽量恢复到健康状态) 4.第四阶段(7~8周)健体修身、美容养颜(进一步调整产后的健康状况,净化机体、增强免疫力)。 同时还要根据个体差异、南北口味等,做到平衡膳食、合理营养。
产妇必看五种催乳蔬菜妇女产后乳少,人们首先想到的是吃猪蹄、鲤鱼、鲫鱼,殊不知不少蔬菜也同样有良好的催乳作用,如与荤菜一起烹制,效果更佳。金针菜 又叫萱草花,另有黄花菜等别称,是萱草上的花蕾部分。它是一种多年生宿根野生草本植物,根呈块状,喜欢生长在背阳潮湿的地方。营养成分十分丰富,每100克干品含蛋白质14.1克,这几乎与动物肉相近。此外,还含有大量的维生素B1、B2等。由于金针菜营养丰富,故有较多的食疗价值,祖国医学认为它有利湿热、宽胸、利尿、止血、下乳的功效。治产后乳汁不下,用金针菜炖瘦猪肉食用,极有功效。茭白 传说武则天产后少乳,又复大便秘结,口腔溃疡,但她畏苦吃药,当时一位对食疗造诣很深的学者孟洗献了一张食疗处方,菱白泥鳅豆腐羹加醋调服,竟奏奇效。茭白作为蔬菜食用,口感甘美,鲜嫩爽口,在水乡泽国的江南一带,与鲜鱼、莼菜并列为江南三大名菜。不仅好吃,营养丰富,而且含有碳水化合物、蛋白质、维生素B1、B2、维生素C及多种矿物质。祖国医学认为茭白性味甘冷,有解热毒、防烦渴、利二便和催乳功效。现今多用茭白、猪蹄、通草(或山海螺),同煮食用,有较好的催乳作用。由于茭白性冷,乳母如为脾胃虚寒、大便不实,则不宜多食。另茭白含难溶性草酸钙较多,尿路结石患者也应注意不要吃得太多。莴笋 分叶用和茎用两种,叶用莴笋又名“生菜”,茎用莴笋则称“莴笋”,都具有各种丰富的营养素。据分析,除铁质外,其它所有营养成分均是叶子比茎含量高,因此,食用莴笋时,最好不要将叶子弃而不食。莴笋性味苦寒,有通乳功效,产妇乳少时可用莴笋烧猪蹄食用。这种食法不仅减少油腻,清香可口,而且比单用猪蹄催乳效果更佳。
坐月子能不能吃水果坐月子能不能吃水果坐月子期间,合理的摄入各类蔬果,可以有助于产妇的恢复,并能为宝宝提供营养充足的乳汁。坐月子能不能吃水果?答案是可以的。尤其是在炎热的夏天,产妇出汗多,吃适量的水果能帮助产妇补充散失的水分,避免产褥中暑。产妇吃蔬果的重要性:产妇分娩后代谢旺盛,出汗量和尿量增多,若不能及时补充水果、蔬菜,易引起便秘。特别是在炎热的夏天,产妇在这个时节坐月子时可吃些适宜消暑的饮食,产妇出汗多、口渴时,可以食用西红柿,也可吃适量的西瓜和水果消暑,不用盲目忌口,以避免产褥中暑。例外:桔子最好避免,但桔核、桔络(桔子瓣上的白丝)有通乳作用。产妇乳腺不通,可食用之。偏冷性的果菜最好避免(特好是分娩后7~10天内的产妇),如冬瓜、椰子水、杨桃汁、西瓜(但夏天可以吃少量)、梨子(鸭梨)、山楂、柠檬、大白菜、橘子、桔子、柿子、草莓、芒果、腌黄瓜、哈密瓜、竹笋、白萝卜、茄子、韭菜、大蒜。此外,产妇要少吃苦瓜、枸杞菜、芹菜寒凉的菜肴。产妇吃蔬菜水果,要注意以下几点:1.产妇胃肠功能较虚弱,应从少量开始吃。2.产妇的胃肠对冷刺激很敏感,不要吃过凉的蔬菜和水果。如果过凉容易导致胃肠淤血,影响消化功能。3.产妇的胃肠抵抗力弱,一定要注意食物是否清洁卫生。
豆腐鲫鱼汤
1.平底锅烧热,放入少量亦舒堂火麻油,将鲫鱼放入。煎至两面呈金黄色。2.加入热水~料酒。大火烧开后继续煮7、8分钟,转中小火煮20分钟左右最后加入豆腐煮熟放入豆腐后再煮十五分钟。功效:此菜品属于粤菜菜系,口味咸鲜可口,鲫鱼具有很好的催乳作用,配用豆腐,益气养血、健脾宽中,豆腐亦富有营养,含蛋白质较高,对于产后康复及乳汁分泌有很好的促进作
2.
【篇二】党史的四个阶段
教师成长的四个阶段
教师成长的四个阶段
教育离不开教师,学校好的教育质量,同样也与高水平的教师群体紧密相关。那么,教师成长有何规律呢?搞清楚这个问题,不仅利于教师的专业成长,也将利于名校的打造。
所谓教师成长,通俗地讲,就是教师通过从事教育教学工作,在不断的学习、实践、反思和研究的过程中,自身的业务水平、业务能力和工作业绩也在不断地提升。
从过程化视角看,教师成长大致可分为四个阶段:新教师、熟练教师、优秀教师和杰出教师。长期的观察发现,教师在这四个阶段里,不仅其从事教育教学工作的外显行为会有所不同,而且,从统计资料来看,每个阶段里教师的职称或荣誉称号也会有所对应。这样,我们就可以参照中小学教师职称评审条件里,对职称的要求来衡量不同阶段教师应达到的水平和能力了。
一、由新教师走向熟练教师
假设以本科学历毕业生为例。通常新教师经过一年的试用期满后,经考核通过,即可转正定级为二级教师,到了熟练教师时的职称,大多为一级教师。这个阶段通常要4年,甚至更长。在由新教师向熟练教师转换的这个阶段里,教师的外显行为将发生以下变化:(1)对学科教学内容的把握,由生疏到熟悉;
(2)对课堂教学的掌控,由盲目杂乱到程序化;
(3)对学科教学理论的学习和运用,由迷茫到功利(如:试图通过理论来寻找解决实践问题的方法);
(4)对教育教学研究,由畏难到尝试撰写案例反思、教育随笔等。
要想加快此阶段教师成长的速度,笔者将给出以下建议:(1)加强业务学习(包括对学科课程标准、教材及教法等方面的学习);
(2)有计划、有目标地跟随优秀教师、甚至是杰出教师学习(要了解本校名教师的突出专长,着重学习他们的教育教学规范和处理问题的方法、技巧等);
(3)要用研究的态度对待学科教学(从科学规范地设计课堂教学预案开始,尝试把握课堂教学中的生成性资源,及时总结和撰写教育教学反思)。
二、由熟练教师走向优秀教师
熟练教师到优秀教师阶段,大致对应的职称是一级教师到高级教师,这个阶段通常需要5年,甚至更长。在这个阶段里,教师的外显行为变化,大致如下:(1)对学科教学内容的把握,由熟练到有创意地加工;
(2)对课堂教学的调控,由程序化到因势利导;
(3)对学科教学理论的学习和运用,由急功近利到理性思考和合理应用(逐渐理解“教学即研究”);
(4)对教育教学研究,由外界的约束力迫使到自身的内省(所撰写教育教学论文,由经验性走向理性深度挖掘)。
要加速此阶段的进程,最好的方法是找到可学习的标杆,共同特点是:(1)以研究的态度对待学科教学(如:深入研究课程标准,系统把握教学内容;
在科学充分地预设前提下,注意把握课堂上灵活机智的生成性资源;
(2)在注重新理论学习的前提下,尝试改进教育教学并逐渐形成自己的教学风格(在及时撰写课例研究论文的同时,还注意撰写教育教学新理念、新思想的论文,并将这些成果及时运用到自己的教学实践中);
(3)积极申报省级课题,开展系统地深入性研究;
(4)与专家多沟通(深刻领会“你是谁,不重要;
和谁在一起,才重要”的道理),及时碰撞出智慧的火花。
三、由优秀教师走向杰出教师
优秀教师到杰出教师的比例虽然相对较少,但绝不是无法逾越的天堑。这个阶段的最终标志,可以是获得“省特级教师”的荣誉称号,甚至是职称晋升为正高级教师。这个阶段最快也得5年(省内还无破先例)。
要想实现这个目标,优秀教师就必须在业务上不断地努力进取,在教育教学上不断地创新,并形成自己独到的教学风格和教育教学思想体系。通过对众多杰出小学教师的剖析,发现他们在此阶段的标志性特点是:(1)专业知识功底深厚,教学艺术精湛,教学风格独到,教育教学业绩卓越;
(2)具有主持和指导教育教学研究的能力,在教育思想、课程改革、教学改革等方面取得创造性成果,并广泛运用于教学实践;
(3)主持省级以上课题,在核心期刊发表高水平的论文,并在学科教学改革中,发挥着示范和带动作用;
(4)在省内学科领域和市内教育界享有较高的知名度。
在这里,为想实现此目标的教师提几条建议:(1)结合自己教育教学经验,找准研究方向,系统地学习最前沿的相关理论;
(2)沿着选定的方向,以高层次的课题研究为抓手,系统地研究教育教学问题(撰写高水平的研究论文、甚至出版专著);
(3)以名师工作室为平台,带领团队在研究中成长(注意聘请高层次的学科教学论专家为导师);
(4)积极参与高层次的研究活动,与高层次专家多交流,这不仅可以扩大知名度,同时,还能在思想上碰撞出新的火花,加速提升自己的研究水平。
教师成长的四个阶段
教育离不开教师,学校好的教育质量,同样也与高水平的教师群体紧密相关。那么,教师成长有何规律呢?搞清楚这个问题,不仅利于教师的专业成长,也将利于名校的打造。
所谓教师成长,通俗地讲,就是教师通过从事教育教学工作,在不断的学习、实践、反思和研究的过程中,自身的业务水平、业务能力和工作业绩也在不断地提升。
从过程化视角看,教师成长大致可分为四个阶段:新教师、熟练教师、优秀教师和杰出教师。长期的观察发现,教师在这四个阶段里,不仅其从事教育教学工作的外显行为会有所不同,而且,从统计资料来看,每个阶段里教师的职称或荣誉称号也会有所对应。这样,我们就可以参照中小学教师职称评审条件里,对职称的要求来衡量不同阶段教师应达到的水平和能力了。
一、由新教师走向熟练教师
假设以本科学历毕业生为例。通常新教师经过一年的试用期满后,经考核通过,即可转正定级为二级教师,到了熟练教师时的职称,大多为一级教师。这个阶段通常要4年,甚至更长。在由新教师向熟练教师转换的这个阶段里,教师的外显行为将发生以下变化:(1)对学科教学内容的把握,由生疏到熟悉;
(2)对课堂教学的掌控,由盲目杂乱到程序化;
(3)对学科教学理论的学习和运用,由迷茫到功利(如:试图通过理论来寻找解决实践问题的方法);
(4)对教育教学研究,由畏难到尝试撰写案例反思、教育随笔等。
要想加快此阶段教师成长的速度,笔者将给出以下建议:(1)加强业务学习(包括对学科课程标准、教材及教法等方面的学习);
(2)有计划、有目标地跟随优秀教师、甚至是杰出教师学习(要了解本校名教师的突出专长,着重学习他们的教育教学规范和处理问题的方法、技巧等);
(3)要用研究的态度对待学科教学(从科学规范地设计课堂教学预案开始,尝试把握课堂教学中的生成性资源,及时总结和撰写教育教学反思)。
二、由熟练教师走向优秀教师
熟练教师到优秀教师阶段,大致对应的职称是一级教师到高级教师,这个阶段通常需要5年,甚至更长。在这个阶段里,教师的外显行为变化,大致如下:(1)对学科教学内容的把握,由熟练到有创意地加工;
(2)对课堂教学的调控,由程序化到因势利导;
(3)对学科教学理论的学习和运用,由急功近利到理性思考和合理应用(逐渐理解“教学即研究”);
(4)对教育教学研究,由外界的约束力迫使到自身的内省(所撰写教育教学论文,由经验性走向理性深度挖掘)。
要加速此阶段的进程,最好的方法是找到可学习的标杆,共同特点是:(1)以研究的态度对待学科教学(如:深入研究课程标准,系统把握教学内容;
在科学充分地预设前提下,注意把握课堂上灵活机智的生成性资源;
(2)在注重新理论学习的前提下,尝试改进教育教学并逐渐形成自己的教学风格(在及时撰写课例研究论文的同时,还注意撰写教育教学新理念、新思想的论文,并将这些成果及时运用到自己的教学实践中);
(3)积极申报省级课题,开展系统地深入性研究;
(4)与专家多沟通(深刻领会“你是谁,不重要;
和谁在一起,才重要”的道理),及时碰撞出智慧的火花。
三、由优秀教师走向杰出教师
优秀教师到杰出教师的比例虽然相对较少,但绝不是无法逾越的天堑。这个阶段的最终标志,可以是获得“省特级教师”的荣誉称号,甚至是职称晋升为正高级教师。这个阶段最快也得5年(省内还无破先例)。
要想实现这个目标,优秀教师就必须在业务上不断地努力进取,在教育教学上不断地创新,并形成自己独到的教学风格和教育教学思想体系。通过对众多杰出小学教师的剖析,发现他们在此阶段的标志性特点是:(1)专业知识功底深厚,教学艺术精湛,教学风格独到,教育教学业绩卓越;
(2)具有主持和指导教育教学研究的能力,在教育思想、课程改革、教学改革等方面取得创造性成果,并广泛运用于教学实践;
(3)主持省级以上课题,在核心期刊发表高水平的论文,并在学科教学改革中,发挥着示范和带动作用;
(4)在省内学科领域和市内教育界享有较高的知名度。
在这里,为想实现此目标的教师提几条建议:(1)结合自己教育教学经验,找准研究方向,系统地学习最前沿的相关理论;
(2)沿着选定的方向,以高层次的课题研究为抓手,系统地研究教育教学问题(撰写高水平的研究论文、甚至出版专著);
(3)以名师工作室为平台,带领团队在研究中成长(注意聘请高层次的学科教学论专家为导师);
(4)积极参与高层次的研究活动,与高层次专家多交流,这不仅可以扩大知名度,同时,还能在思想上碰撞出新的火花,加速提升自己的研究水平。
【篇三】党史的四个阶段
Life is a bitch. Then you die. So while staring at my navel the other day, I decided that that bitch happens in four stages. Here they are.
STAGE ONE: MIMICRYWe are born helpless. We can’t walk, can’t talk, can’t feed ourselves, can’t even do our own damn taxes.
As children, the way we’re wired to learn is by watching and mimicking others. First we learn to do physical skills like walk and talk. Then we develop social skills by watching and mimicking our peers around us. Then, finally, in late childhood, we learn to adapt to our culture by observing the rules and norms around us and trying to behave in such a way that is generally considered acceptable by society.
The goal of Stage One is to teach us how to function within society so that we can be autonomous, self-sufficient adults. The idea is that the adults in the community around us help us to reach this point through supporting our ability to make decisions and take action ourselves.
But some adults and community members around us suck.1 They punish us for our independence. They don’t support our decisions. And therefore we don’t develop autonomy. We get stuck in Stage One, endlessly mimicking those around us, endlessly attempting to please all so that we might not be judged.2
In a “normal” healthy individual, Stage One will last until late adolescence and early adulthood.3 For some people, it may last further into adulthood. A select few wake up one day at age 45 realizing they’ve never actually lived for themselves and wonder where the hell the years went.
This is Stage One. The mimicry. The constant search for approval and validation. The absence of independent thought and personal values.
We must be aware of the standards and expectations of those around us. But we must also become strong enough to act in spite of those standards and expectations when we feel it is necessary. We must develop the ability to act by ourselves and for ourselves.
STAGE TWO: SELF-DISCOVERYIn Stage One, we learn to fit in with the people and culture around us. Stage Two is about learning what makes us different from the people and culture around us. Stage Two requires us to begin making decisions for ourselves, to test ourselves, and to understand ourselves and what makes us unique.
Stage Two involves a lot of trial-and-error and experimentation. We experiment with living in new places, hanging out with new people, imbibing new substances, and playing with new people’s orifices.
In my Stage Two, I ran off and visited fifty-something countries. My brother’s Stage Two was diving headfirst into the political system in Washington DC. Everyone’s Stage Two is slightly different because every one of us is slightly different.
Stage Two is a process of self-discovery. We try things. Some of them go well. Some of them don’t. The goal is to stick with the ones that go well and move on.
Stage Two lasts until we begin to run up against our own limitations. This doesn’t sit well with many people. But despite what Oprah and Deepak Chopra may tell you, discovering your own limitations is a good and healthy thing.
You’re just going to be bad at some things, no matter how hard you try. And you need to know what they are. I am not genetically inclined to ever excel at anything athletic whatsoever. It sucked for me to learn that, but I did. I’m also about as capable of feeding myself as an infant drooling applesauce all over the floor. That was important to find out as well. We all must learn what we suck at. And the earlier in our life that we learn it, the better.
So we’re just bad at some things. Then there are other things that are great for a while, but begin to have diminishing returns after a few years. Traveling the world is one example. Sexing a ton of people is another. Drinking on a Tuesday night is a third. There are many more. Trust me.
Your limitations are important because you must eventually come to the realization that your time on this planet is limited and you should therefore spend it on things that matter most. That means realizing that just because you can do something, doesn’t mean you should do it. That means realizing that just because you like certain people doesn’t mean you should be with them. That means realizing that there are opportunity costs to everything and that you can’t have it all.
There are some people who never allow themselves to feel limitations — either because they refuse to admit their failures, or because they delude themselves into believing that their limitations don’t exist. These people get stuck in Stage Two.
These are the “serial entrepreneurs” who are 38 and living with mom and still haven’t made any money after 15 years of trying. These are the “aspiring actors” who are still waiting tables and haven’t done an audition in two years. These are the people who can’t settle into a long-term relationship because they always have a gnawing feeling that there’s someone better around the corner. These are the people who brush all of their failings aside as “releasing” negativity into the universe or “purging” their baggage from their lives.
At some point we all must admit the inevitable: life is short, not all of our dreams can come true, so we should carefully pick and choose what we have the best shot at and commit to it.
But people stuck in Stage Two spend most of their time convincing themselves of the opposite. That they are limitless. That they can overcome all. That their life is that of non-stop growth and ascendance in the world, while everyone else can clearly see that they are merely running in place.
In healthy individuals, Stage Two begins in mid- to late-adolescence and lasts into a person’s mid-20s to mid-30s.4 People who stay in Stage Two beyond that are popularly referred to as those with “Peter Pan Syndrome” — the eternal adolescents, always discovering themselves, but finding nothing.
STAGE THREE: COMMITMENTOnce you’ve pushed your own boundaries and either found your limitations (i.e., athletics, the culinary arts) or found the diminishing returns of certain activities (i.e., partying, video games, masturbation) then you are left with what’s both a) actually important to you, and b) what you’re not terrible at. Now it’s time to make your dent in the world.
Stage Three is the great consolidation of one’s life. Out go the friends who are draining you and holding you back. Out go the activities and hobbies that are a mindless waste of time. Out go the old dreams that are clearly not coming true anytime soon.
Then you double down on what you’re best at and what is best to you. You double down on the most important relationships in your life. You double down on a single mission in life, whether that’s to work on the world’s energy crisis or to be a bitching digital artist or to become an expert in brains or have a bunch of snotty, drooling children. Whatever it is, Stage Three is when you get it done.
Stage Three is all about maximizing your own potential in this life. It’s all about building your legacy. What will you leave behind when you’re gone? What will people remember you by? Whether that’s a breakthrough study or an amazing new product or an adoring family, Stage Three is about leaving the world a little bit different than the way you found it.
Stage Three ends when a combination of two things happen: 1) you feel as though there’s not much else you are able to accomplish, and 2) you get old and tired and find that you would rather sip martinis and do crossword puzzles all day.
In “normal” individuals, Stage Three generally lasts from around 30-ish-years-old until one reaches retirement age.
People who get lodged in Stage Three often do so because they don’t know how to let go of their ambition and constant desire for more. This inability to let go of the power and influence they crave counteracts the natural calming effects of time and they will often remain driven and hungry well into their 70s and 80s.5
STAGE FOUR: LEGACYPeople arrive into Stage Four having spent somewhere around half a century investing themselves in what they believed was meaningful and important. They did great things, worked hard, earned everything they have, maybe started a family or a charity or a political or cultural revolution or two, and now they’re done. They’ve reached the age where their energy and circumstances no longer allow them to pursue their purpose any further.
The goal of Stage Four then becomes not to create a legacy as much as simply making sure that legacy lasts beyond one’s death.
This could be something as simple as supporting and advising their (now grown) children and living vicariously through them. It could mean passing on their projects and work to a protégé or apprentice. It could also mean becoming more politically active to maintain their values in a society that they no longer recognize.
Stage Four is important psychologically because it makes the ever-growing reality of one’s own mortality more bearable. As humans, we have a deep need to feel as though our lives mean something. This meaning we constantly search for is literally our only psychological defense against the incomprehensibility of this life and the inevitability of our own death.6 To lose that meaning, or to watch it slip away, or to slowly feel as though the world has left you behind, is to stare oblivion in the face and let it consume you willingly.
WHAT’S THE POINT?Developing through each subsequent stage of life grants us greater control over our happiness and well-being.7
In Stage One, a person is wholly dependent on other people’s actions and approval to be happy. This is a horrible strategy because other people are unpredictable and unreliable.
In Stage Two, one becomes reliant on oneself, but they’re still reliant on external success to be happy — making money, accolades, victory, conquests, etc. These are more controllable than other people, but they are still mostly unpredictable in the long-run.
Stage Three relies on a handful of relationships and endeavors that proved themselves resilient and worthwhile through Stage Two. These are more reliable. And finally, Stage Four requires we only hold on to what we’ve already accomplished as long as possible.
At each subsequent stage, happiness becomes based more on internal, controllable values and less on the externalities of the ever-changing outside world.
INTER-STAGE CONFLICTLater stages don’t replace previous stages. They transcend them. Stage Two people still care about social approval. They just care about something more than social approval. Stage 3 people still care about testing their limits. They just care more about the commitments they’ve made.
Each stage represents a reshuffling of one’s life priorities. It’s for this reason that when one transitions from one stage to another, one will often experience a fallout in one’s friendships and relationships. If you were Stage Two and all of your friends were Stage Two, and suddenly you settle down, commit and get to work on Stage Three, yet your friends are still Stage Two, there will be a fundamental disconnect between your values and theirs that will be difficult to overcome.
Generally speaking, people project their own stage onto everyone else around them. People at Stage One will judge others by their ability to achieve social approval. People at Stage Two will judge others by their ability to push their own boundaries and try new things. People at Stage Three will judge others based on their commitments and what they’re able to achieve. People at Stage Four judge others based on what they stand for and what they’ve chosen to live for.
THE VALUE OF TRAUMASelf-development is often portrayed as a rosy, flowery progression from dumbass to enlightenment that involves a lot of joy, prancing in fields of daisies, and high-fiving two thousand people at a seminar you paid way too much to be at.
But the truth is that transitions between the life stages are usually triggered by trauma or an extreme negative event in one’s life. A near-death experience. A divorce. A failed friendship or a death of a loved one.
Trauma causes us to step back and re-evaluate our deepest motivations and decisions. It allows us to reflect on whether our strategies to pursue happiness are actually working well or not.
WHAT GETS US STUCKThe same thing gets us stuck at every stage: a sense of personal inadequacy.
People get stuck at Stage One because they always feel as though they are somehow flawed and different from others, so they put all of their effort into conforming into what those around them would like to see. No matter how much they do, they feel as though it is never enough.
Stage Two people get stuck because they feel as though they should always be doing more, doing something better, doing something new and exciting, improving at something. But no matter how much they do, they feel as though it is never enough.
Stage Three people get stuck because they feel as though they have not generated enough meaningful influence in the world, that they make a greater impact in the specific areas that they have committed themselves to. But no matter how much they do, they feel as though it is never enough.8
One could even argue that Stage Four people feel stuck because they feel insecure that their legacy will not last or make any significant impact on the future generations. They cling to it and hold onto it and promote it with every last gasping breath. But they never feel as though it is enough.
The solution at each stage is then backwards. To move beyond Stage One, you must accept that you will never be enough for everybody all the time, and therefore you must make decisions for yourself.
To move beyond Stage Two, you must accept that you will never be capable of accomplishing everything you can dream and desire, and therefore you must zero in on what matters most and commit to it.
To move beyond Stage Three, you must realize that time and energy are limited, and therefore you must refocus your attention to helping others take over the meaningful projects you began.
To move beyond Stage Four, you must realize that change is inevitable, and that the influence of one person, no matter how great, no matter how powerful, no matter how meaningful, will eventually dissipate too.
And life will go on.
HOW WELL DO YOU REALLY KNOW YOURSELF?
We all think we know ourselves well, but psychological studies show otherwise. In fact, most of us are somewhat deluded about ourselves. I put together a 22-page ebook explaining how we can come to know ourselves better, just fill out your email in the form. No spam. I promise.
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Footnotes
1.Often this occurs because the adults/community themselves are still stuck in Stage One.↵
2.Some people who get stuck in Stage One get stuck because they come to believe that they will never be able to fit in. These people usually succumb to some form of distraction, depression or addiction.↵
3.I put normal in quotes because, really, what the fuck is normal?↵
4.Stages can overlap to a certain extent. Transitioning between them is never black/white. It happens gradually. And often with some emotional stress and major lifestyle changes.↵
5.This applies to the rare individuals who are talented and capable enough to still remain highly influential and relevant into their 70s and 80s as well. Stage Three doesn’t end until the desire for some peace and quiet outweighs one’s ability to affect change in the world. Some people die without ever leaving Stage Three.↵
6.For more on this, see The Denial of Death by Ernest Becker.↵
7.Research shows that generally people become happier and more satisfied as their lives go on.↵
8.One way to think about it is that people who are stuck at Stage Two always feel as though they need more breadth of experience, whereas Stage Three people get stuck because they always feel as though they need more depth.↵
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【篇四】党史的四个阶段
爱情四个阶段...
第一个阶段:共存
这是热恋时期,
不论何时何地总希望能腻在一起。
第二个阶段:反依赖
一方想多一点时间做自己想做的事,
这时另一方就会感到被冷落,
总是因为一点小事去计较和数落。
第三个阶段:怀疑
这是第二个阶段的延续,
要求更多独立自主的时间。
总是觉得对自己不好了,
没以前爱自己了。
第四个阶段:共生
这时新的相处之道成形,
你们已经成为最亲密的人。
你们在一起相互扶持、
一起开创属于你们人生。
你们在一起不会互相牵绊,
而会互相成长。
他(她)就像是你的亲人。
但是,
好多人都通不过第二或第三阶段,
选择分手。
其实很多事只要好好沟通就会没事,
可是想太多和任性就是无法避免。
世界上遇到唯一的你多么不容易,
能不能不要轻言放弃。
你发现了吗?
你们本没有相同之处,外表不相像,
性格也是南辕北辙,但是相爱然后在一起。
日复一日,年复一年。
你会惊讶:
你的眼睛竟有点像他的眼睛。
他的微笑竟也有点像你的微笑。
你们走路的步伐变得相似。
你们说话的语气也愈来愈像。
你们爱喝同一杯饮料。
你们的口头禅变得一样。
你们总能猜到对方下一句话是什么。
原来我们会变成我们所爱的人。
你在不知不觉中让他改掉了他爱皱眉的坏习惯。
这个改变,或许连他自己也不曾察觉。
他在不知不觉中让你变得做事不再马马虎虎。
你差点认不出自己。
会在不知不觉中逐渐变成对方理想中的人。
这种改变,绝对不是刻意的。
两个人相处时间越久,气质也越相近。
有一天,
你惊讶地发现,
这样的你们多么默契。
或许,再也遇不到这样的感情。
原来深深爱着一个人的时候,
你真的会一点一点失去自己。
可是,为什么你还会觉得快乐呢。
大概是因为你在失去的同时,也赚了。
你把他的气质和他的微笑都赚回来了。
朋友,你们走到哪个阶段了?
世界上,遇到唯一的你多么不容易。
能不能不要轻言放弃,能不能一直走下去。
请不要说下辈子,我多怕下辈子再遇不到你。
所以就这辈子,让我们一直在一起走下去。
【篇五】党史的四个阶段
1、决策的四个阶段:信息收集阶段、方案设计阶段、方案评价阶段、方案抉择阶段。投资建设项目决策的目的,是为达到预定的投资目标,经过对若干可行方案的分析、比较、判断,从中择优选择,最终做出是否投资的决策。建设项目决策的任务:确定投资目标、明确建设方案、明确融资方案。项目决策的作用:是按照规定的建设程序,根据投资方向、投资布局的战略构想,充分考虑国家有关的方针政策,在广泛占有信息资料的基础上,对拟建项目进行技术经济分析和多种角度的综合分析评价,决定项目是否建设,在什么地方和时间建设,选择确定项目建设的较优方案。项目决策阶段应确定项目建设的必要性、建设规模、产品方案、工艺技术、投资规模、融资方案等关键事项。项目决策的分类根据决策目标的数量分单目标决策和多目标决策;
决策问题重复情况分:常规型决策和非常规型决策;
决策问题面临条件不同分:确定型决策、风险型决策、不确定型决策。建设项目决策的分:企业投资项目决策、政府投资项目决策、金融机构贷款决策。建设项目决策理念:科学发展、系统分析、动态优化。建设项目决策的原则:市场和效益原则、科学决策原则(方法科学、依据充分、数据资料可靠)、民主决策原则(独立咨询机构参与、专家论证、公众参与)、风险责任原则(谁投资、谁决策、谁受益、谁承担风险)、可持续发展原则。对于政府投资项目,采用直接投资和资本金注入方式,政府投资主管部门从投资决策的角度只审批项目建议书和可行性研究报告。采用投资补助、转贷和贷款贴息方式的,只审批资金申请报告。投资机会研究的分:一般机会研究(地区投资机会研究、部门投资机会研究、资源开发投资机会研究)和具体项目投资机会研究。投资机会研究的内容:市场调查、消费分析、投资政策、税收政策研究等,重点是投资环境的分析。初步可行性研究的重点是,从宏观上分析论证项目建设的必要性和可能性。可行性研究的依据:项目建议书;
国家和地方的经济和社会发展规划、行业部门的发展规划;
有关法律,法规和政策;
有关机构发布的工程建设方面的标准、规范、定额;
拟建厂址的自然、经济、社会概况等基础资料;
合资、合作项目各方签订的协议书或意向书;
与拟建项目有关的各种市场信息资料或社会公众要求等。可行性研究的基本要求:预见性、客观公正性、可靠性、科学性。可行性研究的作用:投资决策的依据、筹措资金和申请贷款的依据、编制初步设计文件的依据、与建设项目承包商、供应商签订合同、协议的依据。建设投资项目的可行性研究包括:项目建设的必要性、市场分析、建设方案、投资估算、融资方案、财务分析、经济分析、资源利用效率分析、土地利用及移民搬迁方案分析、环境影响分析、社会评价、风险分析与不确定性分析、提出研究结论与建议政府投资项目可行性研究还包括:分析政府投资的必要性、项目实施代建制方案的分析、分析政府投资的投资方式,对采用资本金注入方式的项目,要分析出资人代表的情况及其合理性、对于没有营业收入或收入不足以弥补运营成本的公益性项目,要从项目运营的财务可持续性角度,分析研究政府提供补贴的方式和数额。项目申请报告的内容:申报单位及项目情况、发展规划,产业政策及行业准入分析、资源开发及综合利用分析、节能方案分析、土地利用、征地拆迁及银民安置分析、环境和生态影响分析、经济影响分析(经济费用效益或费用效果分析、行业影响分析、区域经济分析、宏观经济分析)、社会影响分析、主要结论和建议。外商投资项目申请报告内容:项目名称、经营期限、投资方基本情况;
项目建设规模、主要建设内容及产品,采用的技术和工艺,产品目标市场,计划用工人数;
项目建设地点,对土地、水、能源等资源的需求,以及主要原材料的消耗量;
环境影响评分;
涉及公共产品或服务的价格;
项目的总投资、注册资本金及各方出资额、出资方式及融资方案,需要进口设备及金额。境外投资报告内容:项目名称、投资方基本情况;
项目背景情况及投资环境情况;
项目建设规模、主要建设内容、产品、目标市场,以及项目效益,风险情况;
项目总投资、各方出资额、出资方式、融资方案及用汇金额;
购并或参股项目,应说明拟购并或参股公司的具体情况。项目申请评估内容:申报单位及项目概况评估、发展规划、产业政策和行业准入评估;
资源开发及综合利用评估;
节能方案评估;
建设用地、征地拆迁及移民安置评估;
环境和生态影响评估;
经济影响评估;
社会影响评估;
主要风险及应对措施评估;
主要结论和建议。选择评估单位,应掌握有职业资格、有信誉、有实力。选择方式:公开招标、邀请招标、征求建议书、两阶段招标书、竞争性谈判、聘用专家。2、市场分析的目的是研究拟生产产品的潜在销售量,产品的市场占有率,为投资建设项目决策提供基础依据。市场分析的主要内容:市场调查、市场预测、营销战略研究。市场调查的主要内容:市场环境调查(经济环境、政治环境、社会环境、科学环境、自然地理环境)、市场需求调查(包括产品或服务市场需求的数量、价格、质量、区域分布。市场需求包括:有效需求、潜在需求、需求的增长速度)、市场供应调查、
消费调查、竞争者调查。市场调查的基本程序可以分为三个阶段:调查准备阶段(确定调查目标、设计调查方案)、调查实施阶段(资料收集、对象调查)、调查分析总结阶段(整理资料、综合分析、编写调查报告)。市场调查基本方法:文案调查(方法最简单、是调查方法的基础)、实地调查(能够控制调查对象、应用灵活,调查信息充分,但是调查时间长、费用高,调查人员容易受心理暗示,不够客观)、问卷调查(应用范围广,操作简单,费用相对较低)、实验调查(最复杂、费用较高、应用范围有限,但调查结果可信度较高)。市场监测的主要内容:市场需求预测、市场供应预测、价格预测。市场预测的原则:相似性原则、相关性原则、延续性原则、概率推定原则。市场预测的程序:确定预测目标、收集分析资料、选择预测方法并建立预测模型、分析评价预测结果、修正预测结果。市场预测方法:定性预测和定量预测。定性预测特点:灵活性强、具有科学性、简便易行。定性预测的方法:头脑风暴法(专家的数量要适当一般由10~15个专家组成)、德尔菲法(适用于长期需求预测,匿名性、反馈性、收敛性、广泛性。专家20人左右)、类推预测法(产品类推预测、行业类推预测、地区类推预测)。德尔菲法的运用范围:缺乏足够的资料时、作长远规划或大趋势预测时、影响预测事件的因素太多、主观因素对预测事件的影响较大时。定量预测的特点:依靠实际观察数据,重视数据的作用和定量分析;
建立数学模型作为定量预测的工具。定量预测法:延伸预测法(移动平均法、指数平滑法、趋势外推法)、因果分析方法(回归分析法、弹性系数法)等。回归分析方法:y=a+bx,b=(∑xiyi-X∑yi)÷(∑xi2-x2∑xi),a=y-bx;
竞争战略包括:成本领先战略、差别化战略、集中化战略。行业竞争结构类型:完全垄断、绝对垄断、两大垄断、相对垄断、分散竞争。行业吸引力分析:非常有利5、有利4、无利害3、不利2、非常不利1。竞争能力分析的指标包括:市场份额、生产规模、工艺技术、及设备水平、产品质量性能、生产成本、客户服务、现产品研发能力、人力及自然资源占有等。SWOT分析增长型战略(SO)、扭转型战略(WO、多样化战略(ST、防御型战略(WT。市场定位:避强定位、迎头定位、重新定位。营销策略(4P原则)产品策略、价格策略、渠道策略、促销策略。定价方法:价格预测方法、产品定价方法、边际成本定价法、盈亏平衡定价法、需求导向定价法、竞争导向定价法。3、建设项目方案研究的目的:从技术、经济、环境、社会各方面研究实现设定的市场目标、功能目标和效益目标的较优方案。项目建设方案研究结论是判断项目可行性和项目投资决策的重要依据,也是进行项目经济评价、环境评价和社会评价的基础。建设项目目标既是建设方案研究的基础,又可以通过建设方案的研究对建设项目目标进行必要的调整。产品方案主要是指建设项目的主导产品、辅助产品或副产品及其生产能力的组合方案,包括产品的品种、数量、规格、质量标准、工艺技术、材质、性能用途、价格等。产品方案考虑的主要因素:国家产业政策和企业发展战略;
市场需求和专业化协作;
资源综合利用和环境制约条件;
原材料、燃料供应;
生产技术条件和运输装备储存条件;
产品定位和产品竞争力。确定建设规模应考虑的因素:合理的经济规模(合理规模的衡量指标:单位产品的投资、单位产品成本、劳动生产率、单位投资的利润);
市场需求对规模的影响;
资源供应及其他外部建设条件;
生产技术和设备的先进性及其来源;
资金的供应量;
环境容量;
社会因素和政法法规;
行业因素;
改扩建与技术改造项目;
建设规模合理性分析:符合产业政策和行业特点;
收益合理性;
资源利用的合理性;
外部条件的适应性和匹配性;
确定建设规模的方法:经验法、生产技术法、规模效果曲线法、分步法。工艺方案和工艺流程的选择原则:先进适用性、安全可靠性、经济合理性、产品更新适应性、技术来源可靠性、清洁生产环保性;
工艺技术来源:自身研制开发、技术许可证交易、工艺技术的成套购买、合资经营。项目选址的基本原则:符合国家、地区的相关政策和规划的要求;
节约建设用地,尽可能不占或少占用农田;
满足产品生产;
符合生产的特定要求;
地区的客观条件与项目建设、生产、营运条件相适应的;
符合保护生态环境的要求,促进人和自然和谐发展。建筑系数=(建筑物、构筑物、露天堆场用地面积)÷项目总面积×100%。场地利用系数=建筑系数+(道路、人行道广场、铁路、管线及管廊占地面积)÷项目总面积×100%。容积率=总建筑面积÷项目总用地面积。工业项目建筑系数不应低于30%,所需行政办公及生活服务设施用地面积不得超过工业面积的7%。在研究具体治理措施方案时要考虑以下方面原则:综合治理原则、综合利用原则、先进适用原则、同步建设原则、方案比较原则(符合国家环保政策和综合治理、综合利用原则;
积极推行清洁生产工艺,做到增产不增污;
环保治理技术先进、适用、可靠,能进行生产过程相关工序的全过程控制,做到达标排放;
便于管理、监测和操作;
节约建设投资和运行维护费用)。4、资源的特征:自愿的
有限性、资源分布的不均衡性。资源节约的内容:节约能源、节约用水、节约原材料、节约和集约利用土地、推进资源综合利用、发展循环经济。资源开发综合利用应达到的要求:符合资源总体开发规划的要求;
符合资源综合利用的要求;
符合可持续发展的要求;
符合保护生态环境的有关规定;
符合对资源储量和品质的勘探深度的要求。资源评价的内容:资源开发的合理性、资源可利用量、资源自然品质、资源赋存条件、资源开发价值。项目预审的原则和内容:符合土地利用总体规划;
保护耕地,特别是基本农田;
合理和集约利用土地;
符合国家供地政策。建设项目用地的预审内容:项目选址是否符合土地利用总体规划,是否符合国家供地政策和土地管理法律、法规规定的条件;
用地规模是否符合有关建设用地指标的规定;
项目占用耕地,补充耕地初步方案是否可行;
征地补偿费用和矿山项目土地复垦资金拟定安排;
项目用地需修改土地利用总体规划的,规划的修改方案、规划修改对规划实施影响评估报告等是否符合法律、法规的规定。环境影响评价是指对项目实施可能造成的环境影响评价进行分析、预测和评价,提出预防或减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施,并且对其进行跟踪监测的方法与制度,从而达到预防因建设项目可能对环境造成的不良影响,促进经济、社会和环境的协调发展。我国开展项目环境评价的指导原则:落实科学发展观、贯彻循环经济理念,促进经济、社会和环境协调发展,构建和谐社会;
污染防治与生态保护并重;
谁污染、谁治理;
节约资源、能源、实行清洁生产;
污染达标排放,满足排放总量控制。环境影响评价的特点:法律的强制性、政策的严肃性、内容针对性、方法科学性、工作公正性。我国对承担环境评价的机构实行资质管理,评价资质分为甲、乙俩个等级。取得甲级评价资质的评价机构,可以在资质证书规定的范围内承担各级环保行政主管部门负责审批的建设项目环境影响报告书的编写。取得乙级资质的评价机构,可以在资质证书范围内,承担省级以下环保行政主管部门负责审批的环境影响报告书和环境影响报告表的编制工作。环境调查原则:根据建设项目所在地区的环境特点,结合各单项影响评价工作的等级,确定各环境要素的现状调查范围,并筛选出调查的有关参数。环境现状调查时,首先收集现有的资料。当这些资料不能要求时,在进行现状调查和测试;
环境现状调查的方法主要有收集资料法(范围广、收效大、比较省人力、物力和时间)、现场调查法(工作量大,需占用较多的人力,物力和时间)、遥感的方法(获得资料准确性差,不宜用在微观调查)。环境预测分析方法:数学模型法、物力模型法、类比调查法、专业判断法进行预测。建设项目定量分析:直接市场评价法(是环境影响最易于操作的方法。生产能力变动法、疾病成本与人力资本法、机会成本法、重置成本法和重新安置成本法)、替代市场评价法(防护支出法、旅行费用法、替代产品法、内涵价值法、影子项目法)、虚拟市场评价法(投标博弈法、权衡博弈法、零成本选择法、专家调查法)。环境治理方案的制定应遵循以下原则:反应废气、废水、固体废物、粉尘、噪声等不同污染源和排放物的性质特点,所采用的技术和设备应能满足先进性、适用性、可靠性等要求;
符合发展循环经济的要求;
污染治理效果应能满足污染物达标排放和排放总量控制的要求;
项目环境影响的监测、控制方案能够满足环境管理的要求。《中华人民共和国水土保持法》2011年3月1日起执行。审批项目在报送可行性研究报告前完成水土保持方案报批手续;
核准项目在提交项目申请报告前完成水土保持报批手续;
备案制项目在办理备案手续后、项目开工前完成水土保持方案报批手续。《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》2009年10月1日起执行。国家发展改革委2010年6号令发布了《固定资产投资项目节能评估和审查暂行办法》2010年11月1日起施行。节能评估是指根据节能规定、标准、对固定资产投资项目的能源利用是否科学合理进行分析评估,并编制节能评估报告书、节能评估报告表或填写节能登记表的行为。“十二五”时期的重要目标和任务:“绿色发展,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会”。节能减排为重点,突出抓好工业、建筑、交通、公共机构等领域节能,以增强可持续发展能力。“十二五”期间非石化能源占一次能源消费比重达到11.4%,单位国内生产总值能耗降低到16%,单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放降低17%的规划目标。项目节能评估的分类管理:年综合能源消耗量3000吨标准煤以上,或年电力消费量500万千瓦时以上,或年石油消费量1000吨以上,或年天然气消费量100立方米以上的固定资产投资建设项目,应单独编制节能评估报告书;
年综合能源消耗1000~3000吨标准煤,或电力消耗200~500万千瓦时,或年石油消费量500~1000吨,或年天然气消费量50~100万立方米的固定资产投资项目,应单独编制节能评估登记表。项目评估报告书的内容:评估依据;
项目概况(建设单位基本情况、项目基本情况、项目用地情况);
能源供应情况分析评估(项目所在地能源供应条件及消费情况;
项目能源消费对当地能源消费的影响);
项
【篇六】党史的四个阶段
恋爱的四个阶段……熬过去就会永远在一起,熬不过去就掰了~有位心理学家曾写道,一个成熟称得上真爱的恋情必须经过四个阶段,那就是:共存(codependent、反依赖(counterdependent、独立(independent、共生(interdependent。阶段之间转换所需的时间不一定,因人而易。
第一个阶段:共存。这是热恋时期,情人不论何时何地总希望能腻在一起。
第二个阶段:反依赖。等到情感稳定后,至少会有一方想要有多一点自己的时间作自己想做的事,这时另一方就会感到被冷落。
第三个阶段:独立。这是第二个阶段的延续,要求更多独立自主的时间。
第四个阶段:共生。这时新的相处之道已经成形,你的他(她)已经成为你最亲的人。你们在一起相互扶持、一起开创属于你们自己的人生。你们在一起不会互相牵绊,而会互相成长。
但是,大部分的人都通不过第二或第三阶段,而选择分手一途,这是非常可惜的。很多事只要好好沟通都会没事的,不要耍个性,不要想太多要互相信任,这样第二、三阶段的时间就会缩短。和所爱的人相遇相恋是非常不容易的,不要轻言放弃。两人相聚是因为有缘,相知是因为有心,真的得好好珍惜这福份莫说分手。
希望看到上述的四个阶段,真能给大家一些启示与领悟并惜缘,我们会逐渐变成我们所爱的人。你和他本来没有相同之处,外表不相像,性格也是南辕北辙,一旦爱上了,年深日久,你会惊讶你的眼睛有点像他的眼睛,他的微笑也有点像你的微笑。你们走路的步伐也有点相似,说话的语气也愈来愈相像。他的脖子上有一颗痣,一天,你发现自己脖子上也多了一颗痣,原来我们会变成我们所爱的人。你本来喜欢脚踏实地的人,而他一向比较轻佻,但你们爱上了,他竟会不知不觉变成一个老实人,这个改变,连他自己也不曾察觉。他本来喜欢活泼的女孩子,却爱上了拘谨的你,这些日子,你竟愈来愈活泼,你差点认不出自己。我们会逐渐变成对方理想中的人,这种改变,绝对不是刻意的。两个人愈爱得长久,气质也愈来愈相近,你曾经以为他不是你梦寐以求的那种类型,然而,有一天,你惊讶地发现,他已经变成你喜欢的那种类型,你不必再到处寻觅,他就是你要找的人。深深爱着一个人的时候,你原来真的会一点一点的失去自己,为什么你还会觉得快乐呢?大概是因为你在失去的当儿,也是赚了,你把他的气质和他的微笑都赚回来……幸福很单纯……所以要很单纯的人才容易获得幸福……
推荐访问:党史 四个阶段 党史四个阶段 党史的四个阶段 党史的四个阶段心得体会