下面是小编为大家整理的印度等级制度,供大家参考。
印度等级制度
在印度， 有 80％以上的人信仰印度教。
印度教把人分为高低尊卑 4 种不同的种姓。
不同种姓之间不能通婚， 有的甚至不能在一起吃饭、 同饮一口井里的水。
最高种姓为婆罗门，主要从事文化教育和祭祀； 最低种姓为首陀罗， 从事各种简单的苦力活。
第二和第三种姓分别称为刹帝利和吠舍， 分别从事行政管理、 打仗和经商活动等。
除此之外， 印度教中还有另外一部分人被称为“不可接触者” ， 即贱民， 地位最低， 被称为第五种姓。
罗希汗· 拉尔是前几年毕业于印度北方邦库姆恩大学的一名经济学研究生。
毕业后， 他来到印首都新德里打工。
他在一家饭店擦地打扫卫生。
凭他的学历和能力完全可以当一名饭店白领管理人员或财会人员， 然而， 由于他属于第五种姓——贱民， 即“不可接触者” ， 不得不干那种又脏又累的活。
印度媒体常有关于青年男女谈恋爱， 仅仅因为种姓不同而活活被打死、 烧死的报道。
普拉卜和吉塔便是其中一例。
他们在一个中学学习， 他们种姓不同， 但共同的兴趣、 爱好把两人紧紧地连在一起。
家长和村民们一再警告和威胁他们， 要他们尽快分手， 以免酿成悲剧， 但他们还是偷偷结了婚， 一起逃离家乡 。
村民们为他们的叛逆而恼怒。
于是， 村里派了 一大批强壮打手到处寻找， 终于从外邦一个偏僻的地方找到了他们。
这对年轻人被强行捆绑， 押送回乡。
愤怒的家长和村民们手拿石块纷纷向他们砸去， 一对有情人就这样死在了 乡 亲的手下。
印低种姓人民为了改变其受歧视的地位， 先后进行过多次反抗斗争。
1931 年， 印度国父圣雄甘地为争取改善“贱民” 权利曾展开过绝食斗争。
1947 年， 印独立后， 政府为改善低种姓地位和生活状况做了 大量工作。1948 年国会曾通过一项废除种姓制度的议案。
后来， 在宪法中也作了保护低种姓利益的法律规定。
HINDUISM （The world" s third largest religion）
Hinduism differs from Christianity and other Western religions in that it does not have a single founder,
a specific theological system,
a single system of morality,
or a central religious organization.
It consists of "thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BCE. " 1 Hinduism has grown to become the world" s third largest religion,
after and .
It claims about 837 million followers - 13% of the world" s population.
2 It is the dominant religion in India,
Nepal,
and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka.
According to the "Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches, " there are about 1. 1 million Hindus in the U. S.
3 The "American Religious Identification Survey" is believed to be more accurate.
4 They estimated smaller number:
766, 000 Hindus in 2001.
Still,
this is a very significant increase from 227, 000 in 1990.
Statistics Canada estimates that there are about 157, 015 Hindus in Canada.
5 Hinduism is generally regarded as the world" s oldest organized religion.
The Indian caste system has been in use for many years.
Still today the values of the caste system are held strongly.
It has kept a sense of order,
and peace among the people.
There are five different levels of the system:
Brahman,
Kshatriya ,
Vaishya,
Shudra,
and Harijans.
Within each of these categories are the actual "castes" or jatis within which people are born,
marry,
and die.
They all have their own place among each other and accept that it is the way to keep society from disintegrating to chaos.
This system has worked well for Indian people and still has a major role in modern India.
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